Biofuels & Bioenergy: Sustainable Solutions for a Greener Future

Sawdust from Waste to Wealth

Introduction:

The use of biomass fuel such as composite briquettes of sawdust becomes a good source of renewable energy for household cooking and space heating. The business practice will be greatly beneficial for both economy and environment. The investigative analysis of sawdust from waste to Wealth is based on conversion of by products. Mainly from agriculture, coal dust and waste from wood into high energy valued briquettes for heating and cooking.

Waste into Wealth!

In many countries Sawdust is often burnt off or disposed at sites nearby or in sawmills thus causing heat generation uncontrolled and wastage of energy. The issue might be raised to how to best utilize this waste in an eco-efficient way. Furthermore, the production of these biomass briquettes also provides income to the enterprises that took part in the production and selling of these briquettes. In this way, maximum exploitation can achieve Sawdust from Waste to wealth while staying within the community rather than being exported for foreigners or foreign dealers. Usually, sawdust used as a fuel by direct combustion is not an efficient source of energy as compared with crude oil. Currently, biomass can be transformed into numerous forms of energy as an alternative to oil and coal by means of chemical, thermochemical and biological processes.

Sources of Sawdust

Furniture manufacturing and wood processing undergo through several stages start from ripping raw timber to required sizes and parts, transportable dimensions, shaping, polishing and assemblage. At different steps, a sizeable quantity of waste generated in form of large off-cuts, cuts, chips and fine graded sawdust. Another source is the forestry and agricultural residues.

Method of converting Sawdust in charcoal Briquette

To improve the features of forestry and agricultural residues of biomass one applicable method is charcoal briquettes. In this technique loose biomass is densified into the briquettes for better storage and handling characteristics. Also for improvement in the volumetric calorific values. In developing countries where large amount of sawdust and agricultural waste are readily available. An appropriate technology of briquettes production could enhance the bioenergy potential.

Now let’s start with few steps to understand the conversion of sawdust into charcoal briquettes.

Collection of Sawdust

Site visits and questionnaires will help to collect the data regarding the quantification of sawdust from furniture markets, sawmills, or other targeted sites. The Polyethylene bags can be used to fill with sawdust. After this clean the sawdust with the help of magnets to get rid of tiny metal particles. After proper drying with the help of sunlight. The sawdust is ready for any type of treatment.

Sawdust from Waste to Wealth — **Collection of sawdust**

Carbonization of Sawdust

This is the main and simple step to convert sawdust into char. For this purpose just take a large drum and after cleaning this drum making small holes in the drum for limited supply of oxygen. Put Sawdust into the drum and ignite it with matchbox. This takes 3 to 4 hrs for complete carbonization. After this take the char out of the drum. Then introduce starch as a binding agent. It will help to give them any acquired shape. After this immediately put the feed(char+ starch) into the briquetting machine as shown.

2 step carbonization — Drum & Briquette Machine

Binding agent

The starch was used as a binding agent. Starch is a carbohydrate mainly composed of glucose. The starch produced through the enzymatic physical and chemical transformation. For the preparation of binding agent add 150gram of flour with 1000ml of water in the container. Put this container on the stove and stirred it continuously with the help of spoon until it became thick and yellowish in color. The resultant product was starch. Put this starch into the char and mix it uniformly to get the slug-like form of char and binding agent.

Briquette machine

The machine was modified in the locally wood workshop with main parts main frame which was made of wood, molding unit, safety block and 2 hp motor. The prepared feed made from char and starch as a binding agent in the form of a lump. The modified machine as it was highly suitable and easily locally available all over the globe for the production of the briquettes. As the char and starch mixed together became the agglomeration form. The machine with the 2HP motor can easily operate to form the cylindrical shaped charcoal briquettes. The motor and molding unit joined with the rotary wheel. The rotary wheel moves the extruder to uniform mixing and compression of feed towards mold. The feed was charged with the help of Hooper at the input section. The feed passes through the extruder and turned into the cylindrical shaped briquettes.

Final product characteristics

The collected waste from different furniture markets was gathered and charcoal briquettes were produced. The cylindrical shape of briquettes made them easy to handle, store and use. The briquettes were packed in the 40kg polyethylene bag for storage purposes. The cylindrical briquettes have a good shutter index value. For the sake of business, the transportation of briquettes may become very easy as these were less in weight as compared to the traditionally used. The charcoal briquettes can be transported into huge amounts as of the same truck can load and transport the charcoal lesser in quantity.

Feasibility

The biomass residue readily available in different forms all over the world. These residues are agricultural or forestry-based can be used to form the same type of charcoal briquettes. As the cellulosic properties of different biomass residues are almost same. The starch can be used which did not deflect the damaging the calorific values or heating values. Thus providing the broad spectrum to be performed on the other types of residues. The modified boilers can use these charcoal briquettes as the feed emits less smoke and reduced Greenhouse gases. The production of briquettes from indigenous resources made them highly attractive for the competing energy depict as well as business concerns for micro level enterprises. The amount of sawdust used and no of briquettes produced sustainably fulfilling all postulates of Integrated solid waste management.

Operational Cost & Profit

The fixed cost and variable cost show the operational cost per day for the production of the briquettes per tonne was PKR 25,000 and profit range from 40,000 to 42,000 PKR. This shows the real value of Sawdust from Waste to Wealth.

Conclusion

The daily earnings potential on profit based on the daily operational cost is PKR 700 to PKR 800 with the existing deigned briquettes facilities. An individual initiative of charcoal briquette production by utilizing Sawdust from Waste to Wealth as a profitable source of income. A similar technology can set up in other countries could play a vital role in recovery of useable materials from municipal waste stream. This helped to eliminate poverty alleviation in rural parts of the world for the improvement of livelihood.

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Make Money from Bioenergy Potential

Biofuels & Bioenergy / Faharyar Tahir

Introduction

In 2050, an estimated 130-150EJ (exajoule) of world’s energy would come from biomass with energy crops sharing 20-60% conditional to land availability. How the individuals be a part of this journey. Here are a few implications that acquired money from Bioenergy Potential and get huge results. To write and promote bioenergy is also a great opportunity with the website. So today is the time to intervention because “Timing is everything”.

What is Bioenergy

The form of renewable energy derived from living organic materials known as biomass. This can be used to produce transportation fuels, heat and electricity. The issues like fossil fuel reduction and energy security. The implementation of Bioenergy is being promoted for so many reasons, including rural development, improvement of air quality and innovation markets for agriculture supplies.

Fiery Bioenergy Potential

It is highly flexible, capable of integration and a very versatile type of energy. it generates electricity, heat, and gaseous energy carriers by means of pretreatment and conversion technology.

The replacement of fossil fuel with bioenergy leads to a reduction in emissions and mitigation of climate change.

Bioenergy is beneficial in agricultural and forestry systems for instance rather than burning residues in farm fields. These remaining residues can be used for energy generation. Thus providing farmers and foresters extra financial gains, easy access to energy. creating more jobs improving environmental and conservational benefits and safeguarding energy security.

The Bioenergy Potential is perceived as a vital part of the future energy system. Globally, it can resolve various problems related to fossil fuels regardless of global warming. The creation of fossil fuels took millions of years but in contrast biomass is a vital source of energy that is easy to grow, handle, utilize and store without the depletion of natural resources.

Low cost projects from Bioenergy Potential

Charcoal Briquettes

Briquetting is a method of improving heat value of biomass. In this process the loose biomass is densified to produce briquettes. This enhances the heating value volumetrically and easy to handle as compared to original form. In the process of carbonization the fuelwood is burnt in the limited access of air, which produces charcoal having higher energy contents than the air-dried wood. Another process is pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process generally used for the conversion of biomass into bio-oil and biochar.

The production cost depends on range of cost of cellulosic plants, life span of plants and discount rates. Both fixed and variable costs on the installation, labor, interest on investment maintenance and feedstock, utilities, waste disposal, transportation. In making briquettes residues of different feedstock as the primary source of raw material. Then by the process of carbonization and pyrolysis, these residues transform into char. The char converted into briquettes by adding a Binding agent(starch).A briquetting machine helps in fast production of charcoal briquettes.

Uses:

Clean burning, Energy generation, Low-cost business practice.

Charcoal briquettes — **Charcoal Briquettes**

Biofuels

The liquid fuel obtained from the fermentation & Distillation of different types of biomass known as Biofuels. Biofuels include vegetable oil, biodiesel, and ethanol. These fuels can be generated at small scale by process of fermentation. The fermentation required little inventory and after a Distillation tube for distillation. Biofuels at small scale is the best entrepreneur practice nowadays.

The sustainability and energy security have put forward the need for alternative energy resources. The biofuel can be produce from no. of available feedstock. There are several pretreatments methods through chemical, biologically and physical methods. The best practice is to seek attention towards the usage and make readily availability of second–generation feedstocks. In this scenario, crop residues are the most highly relevant source of energy. By using catalysts can give better results. As it shows cost-effectiveness in new techniques to convert biomass into biofuel.

Uses:

used for burning, use as fuel in transportation, for medical and beverage uses.

Pellets:

Pellets are formed by compressing wood particles into a particular shape. These are already being used in many countries of the world. In many countries, these are used in boilers for energy generation. They are getting popularity due to their easy handling and low cost. These pellets burnt very efficiently because of their low moisture and ash contents. There are many aspects of its environmentally friendly attribution as sawdust is used in pellets production which is a waste management practice. From large scale boilers to small household stoves these pellets are used.

The market place of pellets having tremendous potential as in North America 80 pellets mills are producing 1 million tons of pellets per Anum. In India and Europe the pellets are used in cogeneration where steam is generated to run the turbines to generate electricity and heating offices and home.

Uses:

space heating, used in boilers for energy generation, easy to handle & transport.

Biogas

The Biogas consists of methane and carbon dioxide. Mainly produced from raw materials such as agricultural residues, animal manure, sewage, green or food waste. The extracted gas used in a gas engine to convert the energy into electricity and heat. This is the cheapest way to convert biogas into bioenergy. The best practice is to the construction of digester. There are several other techniques to produce biogas. This method is very handy and easy to control all without any keen practice skills and operational expertise. The digester of 6×6 ft can produce 1kg of biogas daily. The estimated feed is 40kg for each day with 60-40% manure and water respectively. It is assumed that Biogas electricity has a share is about 20% in total biopower production and 4-5 % in global heat generation worldwide.

Uses

So with this design of plants, one can start a business of making biogas plants in rural commodities and cattle farm-houses for proper usage of animal manure in spite by thrown into open spaces as waste.

Conclusion

All these Business practices are better and sustainable. The energy derived from biomass or other organic resources seems to be difficult but in reality it’s very easy to build and develop with small capital. By adopting these practices one can make their environment as well as economy better. For those who want to start or work as an entrepreneur, these simple techniques and areas to be focused are the best futuristic ideas.

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Biofuels vs Food Resources. what is the Relationship?

Biofuels & Bioenergy / Faharyar Tahir

Introduction

A few notable analysts have suggested that the evolution of biofuels to date has been energy-inefficient, less economical, environmentally harmful. In the context of biofuels vs food resources. Let’s see what relationship is between biofuels vs food resources. what would be the future of biofuel and how to mitigate these concerns of experts. To unleash Author use few tools based on AI in writing & developing a blog/Article on “Biofuels vs Food Resources. what is the Relationship”

what is Biofuel?

Unlike many other renewable energy sources, any type of biomass can be converted into liquid fuels, called “biofuels”. it used to meet transportation fuel needs. The two most common types of biofuels nowadays are ethanol and biodiesel. Both these are the first generation of biofuel technology.

Biofuels vs Food Resources Relationship

It founds that the biofuel industry has ignored the sustainability protocols. Also has produced considerable controversy over the issues like food resources, feedstock supply chain and environmental impacts. Let’s understand the relationship and few mitigation criteria for biofuel vs food resources.

Land usage Assessment

Biofuels can be substituted for fossil fuels. If their production on large scale is environmentally sound and feasible on both socio-economic and biophysical criteria. The postulates include fresh-water availability, air, polluted water, loss of biodiversity, biofuel refining process and human resources. The team of experts examined all above points in 21 countries. These countries are the major producer of ethanol and have both tropical and sub-tropical regions. All of the 21 countries had faced adequate land or excessive water to rely on the biofuels for energy usage. The experts highlighted the large environmental cost and major loss in food production in gathered data.

Mitigation

According to a few authors, the biofuel vs food competition could be overcome by focusing on biofuel production in less productive lands. A case study of United states revealed that a large scale biofuel industry by following less productive land protocol would be able to displace 20-30% of petroleum based transportation in 2030.

Sustainable Biofuels

There is a growing consensus that there are three foundational issues. While there is continuing and lively debate about what differentiates ecological economics from other fields:

The optimal or sustainable scale of the economy,
economic efficiency
Equitable distribution of resources.

All of these issues, among others, are being addressed in the context of biofuels. Thus, this section will review the following dimensions for biofuels: optimal scale, efficiency, equitable distribution of biofuels. The recent studies found that large-scale production of biofuels would entail heavy demand for land, water, and labor. They found that the earlier assumptions for biofuels production yields, water use, and labor requirements were inefficient. In addition, they showed that the labor, water, and land requirements for production of cellulose-based electricity, methanol, and hydrogen would be much lower than traditional agricultural crops. These all postulates also relate to the concerns about the sustainability of biofuels in many contexts.

Mitigation

To enhance production and lower the overall impact main solution is to enhance the production capability of cellulosic-based crops. Another implementation is to start financing and run these projects by government and non-government organizations on lower land.

Distribution of Food resources

There are several dimensions in the distribution and use of biofuels vs food resources. First, what are the consequences if cellulosic biofuels are commercialized?. Secondly how the biofuel industries are distributed geographically. the last impact of biofuels industries on the existing crucial resources of feedstock. Currently, biofuel industries depend upon such as corn starch, sugar cane molasses, rapeseed oil, soyabean oil and palm oils. Two globally renowned countries United states and Brazil account for a significant contribution to global production. Corn and sugar cane consumed in these countries used to produce ethanol and as does India as well. These feedstocks are readily available in the entire world. After the passage of few years, a potential conflict will raised between fuel vs food and impact of food access prices of food for poor. Although it has been noted that biofuels don’t adversely affect the food chain as they can be produced on lower quality lands or less fertile lands.

Mitigation

Lets take the example of corn to understand mitigation criteria or suggestions. The increasing demand for corn-based ethanol has had an adverse impact on both export and domestic levels. Due to the resilience of demand elasticity in developing countries. The major factor is oil prices which influences the corn market and other feedstocks. The fluctuations in oil prices in the last few years shows detrimental effect on the food security for poor. So increase in oil and carbon prices have direct impact on food vs biofuels relationship. These points need exaggerated during the mitigation plans for biofuel industries.

Socio-economic resilience

Expansion of biofuels sector raises many challenges for rural economies Related to the issues of biofuels vs food security. Existing biofuels industries have been dependent on rural commodities and small farmers in several countries. As expanded biofuels development does not guarantee benefits to small scale producers, certification systems could help. Biofuels development does not guarantee to small scale producers. Liquid biofuels additionally such as biodiesel or vegetable oil may offer great opportunities for small-scale electric generation units at villages and community levels. A few major issues related with the generation of the biofuels at lager scales are economic development, small-scale financing health, employment generation. It’s very expected that small scale financing has difficulties for few regions and countries because the emergent nature of biofuel markets is at high risk in the context of engaging high capital requirements.

Mitigation

To overcome the cost and other barriers implementation is required on low-cost debt financing, integration into biorefinery and low cost residues of feedstock. Besides, such huge projects would seem to be funding from United Nations and other environmental facilities from all over the globe.

Conclusions(Biofuels vs Food Resources)

Now few results and conclusions, corn-based ethanol is unsustainable and has significant cost to environment. On other hand, sugar molasses based ethanol is less clear about its insignificant usage. Overall the problems can be addressed through better farming practices and awareness towards the farming of biofuel based crops. After this overall future development of biofuels seems bright in sustainable criteria as much as possible inconsistent way in the entire world.

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